从属连词归纳
副词从句与从句的关系多种多样，表示这种关系的从属连词也随之多种多样。归纳如下：
副词从句种类 常用连接词 特殊连接词
时间状语从句
when, while, as, before,
After, since, till, until, as soon as 一些时间名词：the moment, the instant, the day, the minute, next time, every time;
一些副词：instantly, immediately, directly;
固定搭配的连词：no sooner…than, hardly…when, scarcely…when.
地点状语从句 Where wherever, anywhere, everywhere
原因状语从句 because, as, for, since seeing that, considering that, now that, given that, in that, inasmuch as, insomuch as
目的状语从句 so that, on order that, that lest, for fear that, in case;
In the hope that, on purpose that, for the purpose that, to the end that
结果状语从句 so…that, so that, such…that such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, to such an extent that
条件状语从句 if, unless suppose, supposing, providing, provided(supposed, provide非从句连词)
sn condition that, so long as, as long as
让步状语从句 although, though, even though, even if while(一般用于句首)，as(用于倒装结构)
Wh-ever: whatever, whoever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever, whether…or…
as + adj. +主谓结构用于句首
比较状语从句 as, than 其他比较句型：the more…the more; just as…, so…; A is to B what/as C is to D; no more… than; not A so much as B/not so much A as B
方式状语从句 as, the way
时间状语从句
表示将来时间时，从句用一般现在时
I’ll speak to him when he arrives. (when he will arrive*)
When I fall in love, it’ll be forever, or I’ll never fall in love. When I give my heart, it’ll be complete, or I’ll never give my heart.
*表“将来”的情态动词往往是用于基于一定条件的推测，而不用于表示作为前提的时间或条件等。
When: 某一时刻
I’ll speak to him when he arrives.
I’ll tell him about it when he comes back.
When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
When I got there, he had already left.
有时也可接延续动词，如：
The doorbell rang when I was telephoning.
*When有时不作“当……时候”讲，而是相当于“……，这时”，这是需要特别注意的用法。
A detective arrested a criminal and was about to handcuff him when a huge gust of wind blew the detective’s hat off.
考题
I was walking along the road ____ suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind. (CET-4)
a. immediately
b. when*
c. the moment
d. while
Whenever: 无论何时
Whenever you say “I love you”, mean it. Whenever you say “I’m sorry”, look the person right in the eyes.
Smile whenever you pick up the phone, for the caller will be able to notice it.
While: 相当于during that time, 表示一个时间段，故一般只接延续动词。
The phone rang while I was taking my bath.
The doorbell rang while we were watching TV.
A detective arrested a criminal and was about to handcuff him when a huge gust of wind blew the detective’s hat off.
“Shall I go and fetch it?” the criminal asked. “Do you take me for a fool?” asked the detective. “You wait here while I go and get it!” (go and fetch整体上构成时间段)
*由“同时”而引申，while表示的另一个重要的关系是“对比”。
？？
until
单独使用：主句谓语动词为延续性动词，表示“到……为止”。
Wait until he comes back.
We’ll stay here till it stops raining.
Until I came back, he was waiting for me at my home.
Not…until: 主句谓语动词为短暂动词，意为“直到……才”。
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
One will never realize how much and how little he knows until he starts talking.
Ice cream did not reach America until about the middle of the eighteenth century.
I didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock last night.
He didn’t leave the office until his boss came back.
Not until: 主句倒装
Not until he saw his mother did the little boy smile
It was not until he saw his mother that the little boy smiled. (为上句的强调结构)
一……就……
as soon as, the minute/the moment/the instant, immediately, directly, instantly:
It began to rain as soon as/immediately/the moment I arrived home.
Hardly/scarcely…when, no sooner…than
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Hardly/scarcely had I arrived home when it began to rain.
No sooner had we begun having dinner than the doorbell rang.
