考研历年真题完形填空（1994年—2006年）附答案 [复制链接]

Passage 1（1994年）
    The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In speaking, the choice of words is    41    the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate one source of    42    breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words    43    a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may    44    unfavorable reactions in the listener    45    interfere with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down.
      46    inaccurate or indefinite words may make    47    difficult for the listener to understand the    48    which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have specific words in his working vocabulary may be    49    to explain or describe in a    50    that can be understood by his listeners.

41.[A] of    [B] at    [C] for    [D] on
42.[A] inaccessible    [B] timely    [C] likely    [D] invalid
43.[A] encourages    [B] prevents    [C] destroy    [D] offers
44.[A] pass out    [B] take away    [C] back up    [D] stir up
45.[A] who    [B] as    [C] which    [D] what
46.[A] Moreover    [B] However    [C] Preliminarily    [D] Unexpectedly
47.[A] that    [B] it    [C] so    [D] this
48.[A] speech    [B]sense    [C] message    [D]    meaning
49.[A] obscure    [B] difficult    [C] impossible    [D] unable
50.[A] case    [B] means    [C]method    [D]way

  Passage 2（1995年）
    Sleep is divided into periods of so-called REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and longer periods of non-REM sleep.    41    kind of sleep is at all well understood, but REM sleep is    42    to serve some restorative function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more    43    . The new experiments, such as these    44    for the first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations    45    of non-REM sleep.
    For example, it has long been known that total sleep    46    is 100 percent fatal to rats, yet,    47    examination of the dead bodies, the animals look completely normal. A researcher has now    48    the mystery of why the animals die. The rats    49    bacterial infections of the blood,    50    their immune systems — the self-protecting mechanism against diseases-had crashed.

41.[A] Either    [B] Neither     [C] Each    [D] Any
42.[A] intended    [B] required     [C] assumed    [D] inferred
43.[A] subtle    [B] obvious     [C] mysterious    [D] doubtful
44.[A] maintained    [B] described     [C] settled    [D] afforded
45.[A] in the light    [B] by virtue     [C] with the exception    [D] for the purpose
46.[A] reduction    [B] destruction     [C] deprivation    [D] restriction
47.[A] upon    [B] by     [C] through    [D] with
48.[A] paid attention to    [B] caught sight of     [C] laid emphasis on    [D] cast light on
49.[A] developed    [B] produced     [C] stimulated    [D] induced
50.[A] if                       [B] as if      [C] only if    [D] if only

Passage 3（1996年）
    Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.
    They do not provide energy,    41    do they construct or build any part of the body. They are needed for    42    foods into energy and body maintenance. There are thirteen or more of them, and if    43    is missing a deficiency disease becomes    44    .
    Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elements — usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and    45    nitrogen. They are different    46    their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin    47    one or more specific functions in the body.
        48    enough vitamins is essential to life, although the body has no nutritional use for    49    vitamins. Many people,    50    . believe in being on the "safe side" and thus take extra vitamins. However, a well-balanced diet will usually meet all the body' s vitamin needs.

41.[A]either    [B]so    [C]nor     [D]never
42.[A]shifting    [B]transferring    [C]altering    [D]transforming
43.[A]any    [B]some    [C]anything    [D]something
44.[A]serious    [B]apparent    [C]severe    [D]fatal
45.[A]mostly    [B]partially    [C]sometimes    [D]rarely
46.[A]in that    [B]so that    [C]such that    [D]except that
47.[A]undertakes    [B]holds    [C]plays    [D]performs
48.[A]Supplying    [B]Getting    [C]Providing    [D]Furnishing
49.[A]exceptional    [B]exceeding    [C]excess    [D]external
50.[A]nevertheless    [B]therefore    [C]moreover    [D]meanwhile

  Passage 4（1997年）
    Manpower Inc, with 560,000 workers, is the world's largest temporary employment agency. Every morning, its people    41    into the offices and factories of America, seeking a day's work for a day's pay. One day at a time.    42    industrial giants like General Motors and IBM struggle to survive    43    reducing the number of employees, Manpower, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is booming.
        44    its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a nation of part-timers and temporary workers. This    "45"    work force is the most important    46    in American business today, and it is    47    changing the relationship between people and their jobs. The phenomenon provides a way for companies to remain globally competitive    48    avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens    49    by employment rules, healthcare costs and pension plans. For workers it can mean an end to the security, benefits and sense of    50    that came from being a loyal employee.

41.[A] swarm    [B] stride    [C] separate    [D] slip
42.[A] For    [B] Because    [C] As    [D] Since
43.[A] from    [B] in    [C] on    [D] by
44.[A] Even though    [B] Now that    [C] If only    [D] Provided that
45.[A] durable    [B] disposable    [C] available    [D] transferable
46.[A] approach    [B] flow    [C] fashion    [D] trend
47.[A] instantly    [B] reversely    [C] fundamentally    [D] sufficiently
48.[A] but    [B] while    [C] and    [D] whereas
49.[A] imposed    [B] restricted    [C] illustrated    [D] confined
50.[A] excitement    [B] conviction    [C] enthusiasm    [D] importance

Passage 5（1998年）
    Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They    41    that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the    42    man. But they insisted that its    43    results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the    44    of the English population.    45    contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a    46    agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.
    This view,    47    . is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists    48    history and economics, have    49    two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was    50    by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.

41.[A] admitted    [B] believed    [C] claimed    [D] predicted
42.[A] plain    [B] average    [C] mean    [D] normal
43.[A] momentary    [B] prompt    [C] instant    [D] immediate
44.[A] bulk    [B] host    [C] gross    [D] magnitude
45.[A] on    [B] With    [C] For    [D] By
46.[A] broadly    [B] thoroughly    [C] generally    [D] completely
47.[A] however    [B] meanwhile    [C] therefore    [D] moreover
48.[A] at    [B] in    [C] about    [D] for
49.[A] manifested    [B] approved    [C] shown    [D] speculated
50.[A] noted    [B] impressed    [C] labeled    [D] marked

Passage 6（1999年）
    Industrial safety does not just happen. Companies    41    low accident rates plan their safety programs, work hard to organize them, and continue working to keep them    42    and active. When the work is well done, a    43    of accident-free operations is established    44    time lost due to injuries is kept at a minimum.
    Successful safety programs may    45    greatly in the emphasis placed on certain aspects of the program. Some place great emphasis on mechanical guarding. Others stress safe work practices by    46    rules or regulations.    47    others depend on an emotional appeal to the worker. But, there are certain basic ideas that must be used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.
    There can be no question about the value of a safety program. From a financial standpoint alone, safety      48    . The fewer the injury    49    . the better the workman's insurance rate. This may mean the difference between operating at    50    or at a loss.

41.[A] at    [B] in    [C] on    [D] with
42.[A] alive    [B] vivid    [C] mobile    [D] diverse
43.[A] regulation    [B] climate    [C] circumstance    [D] requirement
44.[A] where    [B] how    [C]what    [D] unless
45.[A] alter    [B] differ    [C] shift    [D] distinguish
46.[A] constituting    [B] aggravating    [C] observing    [D] justifying
47.[A] some    [B] Many    [C] Even    [D] still
48.[A] comes off     [B] turns up    [C] pays off    [D] holds up
49.[A] claims    [B] reports    [C] declarations    [D] proclamations
50.[A] an advantage    [B] a benefit    [C] an interest    [D] a profit

    Passage 7（2000年）
    If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his con¬sumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain    41    consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family    42    he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance    43    the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to    44    old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to    45    the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation    46    and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is .available, a farmer cannot be    47    .He must either sell some of his property or    48    extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low    49    of interest, but loans of this kind are not    50    obtainable.

41.[A] other than    [B] as well as    [C] instead of     [D] more than
42.[A] only of    [B] much as    [C] long before    [D] ever since
43.[A] for     [B] against    [C] of    [D] towards
44.[A] replace    [B] purchase    [C] supplement    [D] dispose
45.[A] enhance    [B] mix    [C] feed    [D] raise
46.[A] vessels    [B] routes    [C] paths    [D] channels
47.[A] self-confident    [B] self-sufficient    [C] self-satisfied    [D] self-restrained
48.[A] search    [B] save    [C] offer    [D] seek
49.[A] proportion    [B] percentage    [C] rate    [D] ratio
50.[A] genuinely    [B] obviously    [C] presumably    [D] frequently

Passage 8（2001年）
    The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases    31    the trial of Rosemary West.
    In a significant    32    of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a    33    bill that will propose making payments to witnesses    34    and will strictly control the amount of    35    that can be given to a case    36    a trial begins.
    In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he    37    with a committee report this year which said that self-regulation did not    38    sufficient control.
        39    of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a    40    of media protest when he said the    41    of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges    42    to Parliament.
    The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which    43    the European Convention on Human Rights legally    44    in Britain, laid down that everybody was    45    to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.
    "Press freedoms will be in safe hands    46    our British judges," he said.
    Witness payments became an    47    after West sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were    48    to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised    49    witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to    50    guilty verdict.

Passage 8（2001年）
31.[A] as to    [B] for instance    [C] in particular    [D] such as
32.[A] tightening    [B] intensifying    [C] focusing    [D] fastening
33.[A]sketch    [B] rough    [C] preliminary    [D] draft
34.[A]illogical    [B] illegal    [C] improbable    [D] improper
35.[A]publicity    [B] penalty    [C] popularity    [D] peculiarity
36.[A]since    [B] if     [C] before    [D] as
37.[A]sided    [B] shared     [C] complied    [D] agreed
38.[A]present    [B] offer    [C] manifest    [D] indicate
39.[A]Release    [B] Publication    [C] Printing    [D] Exposure
40.[A]storm    [B] rage    [C] flare    [D] flash
41.[A]translation    [B] interoperation    [C] exhibition    [D] demonstration
42.[A]better than    [B] other than    [C] rather than    [D] sooner than
43.[A]changes    [B] makes    [C] sets    [D] turns
44.[A] binding    [B] convincing    [C] restraining    [D] sustaining
45.[A] authorized    [B] credited    [C] entitled    [D] qualified
46.[A] with    [B] to     [C] from    [D] by
47.[A] impact    [B] incident    [C] inference    [D] issue
48.[A] stated     [B] remarked    [C] said    [D] told
49.[A] what     [B] when    [C] which    [D] that

Passage 9（2002年）
    Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened    21    . As was discussed before, it was not    22    the 19th
century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic    23    , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in the    24    of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution    25    up, beginning with transport, the railway, and leading    26    through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures    27    the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees that process in    28    It is important to do so.
    It is generally recognized,    29    , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century,    30    by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s,radically changed the process,    31    its impact on the media was not immediately    32    . As time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became " personal" too, as well as    33    , with display becoming sharper and storage    34    increasing. They were thought of, like people,    35    generations, with the distance between generations much    36    .
    It was within the computer age that the term "information society" began to be widely used to describe the    37    within which we now live. The communications revolution has    38    both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been    39    views about its economic, political, social and cultural implications. "Benefits" have been weighed    40    "harmful" outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.

21.[A] between    [B] before    [C] since    [D] later
22.[A] after    [B] by    [C] during    [D] until
23.[A] means    [B] method    [C] medium    [D] measure
24.[A] process    [B] company    [C] light    [D] form
25.[A] gathered    [B] speeded    [C] worked    [D] picked
26.[A] on    [B] out    [C] over    [D] off
27.[A] of    [B] for    [C] beyond    [D] into
28.[A] concept    [B] dimension    [C] effect    [D] perspective
29.[A] indeed    [B] hence    [C] however    [D] therefore
30.[A] brought    [B] followed    [C] stimulated    [D] characterized
31.[A] unless    [B] since    [C] lest    [D] although
32.[A] apparent    [B] desirable    [C] negative    [D] plausible
33.[A] institutional    [B] universal    [C] fundamental    [D] instrumental
34.[A] ability    [B] capability    [C] capacity    [D] faculty
35.[A] by means of    [B] in terms of    [C] with regard to    [D] in line with
36.[A] deeper    [B] fewer    [C] nearer    [D] smaller
37.[A] context    [B] range    [C] scope    [D] territory
38.[A] regarded    [B] impressed    [C] influenced    [D] effected
39.[A] competitive    [B] controversial    [C] distracting    [D] irrational
40.[A] above    [B] upon    [C] against    [D] with